motion detection

What is Motion Detection?

Motion can be detected by measuring change in speed or vector of an object or objects in the field of view. This can be achieved either by mechanical devices that physically interact with the field or by electronic devices that quantify and measure changes in the given environment.

How Its Works?

Motion can be detected by: sound (acoustic sensors), opacity (optical and infrared sensors and video image processors), geomagnetism (magnetic sensors, magnetometers), reflection of transmitted energy (infrared laser radar, ultrasonic sensors, and microwave radar sensors), electromagnetic induction (inductive-loop detectors), and vibration (triboelectric, seismic, and inertia-switch sensors). Acoustic sensors are based on: electret effect, inductive coupling, capacitive coupling, triboelectric effect, piezoelectric effect, and fiber optic transmission. Radar intrusion sensors have the lowest rate of false alarms.

Probably the best radar intrusion sensor is a pair of leaky coaxial lines hidden (buried) in the soil. A chirp frequency modulation provides a continuous target response having a baseband frequency that is proportional to the distance along the length of the cables.

What is Our Main Idea?

Our main idea according this motion detection is by using the Light motion sensor. By using this,we will put a sensor on the stair and the light that on the stairs will be off to make the place dark.

Light sensor

Features:

• Compact design, great finishing
• Auto switching on when detecting approaching object/people
• Super energy saving - long standby time
• Sensor Sensitivity: within 3 meter
• Auto detect day and night mode
• Super bright LED
• Easy changing-batteries design - just remove the front cover
• Powered by 2 x AA batteries (Not included).
• Suitable to be used at house/office entrance, wardrobes, kitchens, stairs case, camping tents or anywhere needs light.

Specifications:

• Influence mode: Dual-window infrared sensors
• Influence control: Light sensor
• Sensor angle: 120^o
• LED quantity: 8pcs
• LED life: 80000 hours
• LED color: day light white
• Sensor sensitivity distance: within 3m
• LED brightness: 1400-1600MCD/pcs
• Standby current: 70uA
• Working current: 70mA
• Delay time (time before auto turned off after object/people leave or stay absolute still): 10 seconds
• Interval time: 5-7 seconds
• Self-Test time: 20seconds
• Operating temperature & humidity: -5°-38°, 5%-93%
• Product size:88*88*30mm (L*W*H)
• Net weight: approximate 63g (excluding batteries)

Package Content:

• 8-LED AUTO PIR LIGHT
• Double-sided sticker
• English User Guide

With advanced infra-red sensor technology, this auto PIR lighting featuring the advantages of high sensitivity, anti-interference, silence operation, fast reaction and long distance sensor. It has 8 super bright LED, which auto switched on when people approaching, built in light sensor which can identify day and night by itself, easy to be use and maintanence free.

Reference

http://www.lelong.com.my/8-led-auto-pir-sensor-motion-detection-light-automatic-lights-I933031-2007-01-Sale-I.htm

DIY Motion Detector Activated Light

CONCEPT OVERVIEW

A light that turns on only when somebody is nearby can save energy, can save you the hassle of searching for a lightswitch in the dark, or can also alert you to the presence of an unwanted visitor. A PIR sensor is an infrared motion detector and it is easily connected to a PolyBlock which, in Timer Mode, can turn a light on automatically for a specified period of time when somebody is within range.

The PIR sensor works by comparing the outputs of its two internal infrared sensors. With no motion within the sensor's range, these two internal sensors settle to an "off value". When a person (or other large infrared-producing body) comes within range, the values the two infrared sensors record changes from the off value, and the PIR interprets this as motion. The PIR sensor outputs a Logical "1" or 5V on its output for a second or two after the motion stops. This is a weak digital signal so by itself it couldn't run a light (or anything, really bigger than a small LED) . We could connect it to a Switch Box, and thence to a large lamp, but this wouldn't help much either, since the PIR signal is only on for a few seconds after it detects movement. We'd like our light to be on for much longer.

STEP BY STEP

Step 1 - Connect the Power Supply

First we need to choose a light and an appropriate power supply. The main determining factor here is how much power the light is going to need. The +V connections will be determined by the voltage of the fan - i.e. a 12V light will require a 12V power supply. A smaller light that runs on 9V, for example, would make it possible to use a standard 9V battery as the power supply. Be sure to power the PIR sensor from the 5V connector on the PolyBlock, not +V. Note that an AC (110V) household light would definitely not work directly with this set up and would certainly damage any connected devices.

Depending on your choice of light, you'll need to choose an appropriate power supply, as mentioned above. With your power supply selected, connect the +V (positive) from the power supply to +V on the PolyBlock and the 0V (ground/negative) from the power supply to 0V on the PolyBlock (Fig. 1.1). You may need to strip 1/8" insulation off the wires from your power supply.

Step 2 - Connect the PIR Sensor

The PIR sensor has three wires coming out of it. The red wire goes to 5V on the PolyBlock, the black wire goes to 0V, and the yellow wire should be connected to I2 (Input 2). Set the PolyBlock to the Timer Function by manipulating the Function Switch to 0010. I2 on a Poly Block set to the Timer Function corresponds to the Sustain Trigger input. This means that as soon as the PIR is triggered, the light will turn on but the timer will not start counting down until the PIR is inactive. The length of the timer will determine the amount of time that the light remains on after nobody is in range of the PIR sensor.

Step 3 - Prepare the Light

Because halogen lights create electrical noise on the lines that power them, if we use them, it is important to filter the power going to them with a capacitor. The capacitor needs to go between the two wires going to the light and should be around 0.1uF and be rated to work with at least the +V voltage you're using.

To do this, we need to make one solder connection from the positive lead of the capacitor to the +V line going to the light, and another from the negative lead of the capacitor to the 0V (ground) line to the light. Solder a short length of wire (appropriately colored - black or red) onto each of the leads of the capacitor and then use these wires to make the connection with the appropriate wires from the light. Heatshrink any exposed solder joints to prevent unwanted shorts and to add a little physical support.

Step 4 - Connect the Light

Assuming the chosen light is not going to draw more than 2A of current, it can be connected directly to the PolyBlock. If your light draws more than 2A of current, you can add a Switch Block to increase the allowed amperage. Connect the positive lead from the light to the +V connector on the Poly Block and the negative lead to the S0 (Switch 0) connector (Fig. 4.1). To connect a household lamp to a standard power outlet, please see the AC Switch Block. Again, be sure that your power supply provides the correct +V for the light you've chosen.

Step 5 - Power Up

With the power supply still unplugged, double check all of the power connections to make sure all the 12V's, 5V's, and 0V's are properly connected. Once you're confident everything is where it should be, plug in the power.

Step 6 - Calibrate the PolyBlock

As described in the Timer function reference for the PolyBlock, the onboard trimpot can be used to adjust the amount of time that the light will stay on once the PIR is triggered. This can range from anywhere from a few milliseconds to almost 20 minutes. Start with the trimpot turned all the way counter-clockwise. This will give you the shortest timer period possible. Gradually turn the trimpot clockwise to adjust the length of the timer as desired.

Reference

http://www.makingthings.com/teleo/teleo/cookbook/nightlight/index.htm#step1

Insecure feeling leads to fear

You might get scared in the dark for some of these same reasons. You might be afraid that you will trip and fall and get hurt because you can't see where you are going. You might be afraid that something you can't see will jump out and startle you. It might just be fear of the unknown. It could be a combination of things. When you in dark, your ears might get a little bit more sensitive towards the surrounding, a normal sound such as aircond blow might be a different sound when you in dark and feel scared. However, this feeling not just happen when you in dark, it can be at anytime. This feeling can be trigger when you feel insecure out of nowhere. As soon as you are in the stage where you feel insecure, the feeling such as fear, scary, horror will appear automatically.

Base on this article,

“It's dark out, and you're home alone. The house is quiet other than the sound of the show you're watching on TV. You see it and hear it at the same time: The front door is suddenly thrown against the door frame.

Your breathing speeds up. Your heart races. Your muscles tighten.

A split second later, you know it's the wind. No one is trying to get into your home.

For a split second, you were so afraid that you reacted as if your life were in danger, your body initiating the fight-or-flight response that is critical to any animal's survival. But really, there was no danger at all”.

In this article, it shows that you afraid, you might jump to the conclusion that something in your house. This is happen because of most of the horror movies these days, there a lot of scene where the ghost will appear when the door was shut suddenly. This kind of situation is registered in our mind. However, not all people might jump to the same conclusion that there ghost of in their house; they might be scared if someone like a thief enters their house. The scared or fear feeling come when you feel insecure with something that unusual with your daily life routine.

Some people might get easily scared because of they have been seen, heard or otherwise experience something that frightening. It is the feeling one gets after coming to an awful realization or experiencing a deeply unpleasant occurrence. When they enter into the situation that same with their experience, it is easily for them to feel insecure. They will start to imagine thing that they seen or think there is something that they should be scare off.

Some of experience that most people scared of the dark is because watching horror movies. In most horror movie, the settings for the ghost or unusual things come out during night or in the dark. When you in the dark, you will imagine yourself like in the movie. Thinking that something will happen, such as a screaming from out of nowhere or a figure that you see at the corner of your eyes. This will lead to insecure feeling. You also might create an illusion when you in the dark base on the horror movie you watch.

For the conclusion, the fear, horror, scared feeling come from insecure feeling. You might feel the insecure feeling when you in dark or out of nowhere you hear loud noise or seeing thing that unusual.

references:

http://health.howstuffworks.com/mental-health/human-nature/other-emotions/fear.htm

http://www.nativeremedies.com/ailment/overcoming-fears-info.html

http://www.google.com.my/search?hl=en&defl=en&q=define:fear&sa=X&ei=eLqQTeHXNYy6vwP01sijDQ&sqi=2&ved=0CB0QkAE

http://www.fangoria.com/index.php?id=2720:what-is-scary-filmmaker-has-lots-of-answers&option=com_content&catid=1:latest-news&Itemid=167

http://people.howstuffworks.com/scared-of-dark.htm

Research, data collection, facts finding

Based on the idea of our installation before, we have chose to use motion detection using a webcam, an interactive doll that can react to the user, a projection videos and a light that reacts to a motion.

Webcam

The first idea that came through our thoughts is about the motion detection. When a user makes a movement, a sound clip will be triggered. We manage to find the easiest way to deliver the idea by using a webcam.

There are available software that can be used to change the normal webcam into a motion detection webcam. When the webcam is placed on its position, anything that moves in front of it can be detected and it will trigger a sound clip.

Originally, the software is used as a security camera, the alarm goes off when movements is detected. There are two versions of software that we found that is suitable for the project which is WebCam Monitor and YawCam. There are few pros and cons to this software.

The WebCam Monitor software is not a freeware program, we would have to purchase the software to use it. But this software reacts faster to motion detection. The YawCam software is free to use but it is slow to react against motion detection.

We will place the webcam and speakers alongside the staircase as the user walks passed it and triggers the installation. We might use four or five webcam where the user can interact with it. It might took from two to three level of the staircase.

We also do not have to use one laptop or pc for each webcam because multiple webcam can be set up in one pc. Several speaker also can be used in one pc by using the audio splitter.

Yawcam

The left side box shows the area of the movement detection. The user can change the settings such as the level of motion sensitivity, the tolerance of the detection and select which place to place the detection area.

The right side box show the live view of the webcam recording and the bottom box is to select the application the user wants it to launch after a movement is detected.

WebCam Monitor

The first image is the menu of the application. The second image shows the settings menu for the alarm sensor.

Interactive Doll

Since our webcam installation just needs the movement of the user, we add up an interactive doll where the user can interact with it. The basic idea is that the user touch or move any part of the doll and sound clip will be triggered.

We use the same approach using the webcam to detect the movement of the user in front of the doll, but it will be just the same as the webcam and sound clip effect. Also there are a lot of problems if we use the same approach in the interactive doll because the concept is totally different and the situation is not appropriate for the use of webcam.

So, our group had discussed about putting a sensor inside the doll to activate the sound clip. This means that we have to spend a lot of time and money, also on trying to figure out the technical part of the equipment.

On the previous semesters, we have been taught to use basic actionscripts in Flash. One of it is a tutorial on how to use mouse events such as rollovers, mouse down and others. That was the first step on how we found out how to create the interactive doll. There is a script called mouseOnMove where an action is triggered when the coordinates of the cursor change place.

Basically, the idea is when the user move the cursor, a sound will be played until in finishes. During the sound is played, the detection will be disabled so when the user moves the cursor again, the sound would not play twice on the same time. When the sound clip has ended, it will be automatically reset back so that the sound can be played if the user move the cursor.

The mouse which moves the cursor will be placed in the interactive doll such as the hands. When the user touch or move the hand, the mouse inside the hand will move and change the cursor coordinates. The plan is to hide the speaker and mouse inside the interactive doll to give the elements of surprise to the user.

There two choice that is available to use, one is to use a mouse with a cable or the other one is to use a bluetooth mouse. We can also insert a mp3 speaker which is small that can easily be inserted inside the doll or just by using a standard size speaker.

The Program for the Interactive Doll

This is the view of the program. Basically, it does not have any images or settings. The stage will be set to full screen , so the cursor will move inside the stage and a sound clip will be played.

This is the view of the timeline in the Flash program.

Illustrations

The doll will be placed on the rail beside the stairways. When the user moves the hands of the doll, the mouse will moves inside the hand and a sound clip will be played.